Pattern of extranodal involvement in non hodgkin's lymphoma

To study the anatomical and histomorphological pattern of extranodal non hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL]. Descriptive study. The study was carried out at oncology department combined military hospital rawalpindi during July 2012 to April 2013. All newly diagnosed patients of NHL with extranodal involvement were included in the study.They were categorized as primary extranodal or secondary extranodal lymphomas. Histological pattern and site of involvement were studied. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1 [Male 31, Female 14], and the mean age was 48.16 years[SD=13.40]. Primary extranoal involvement was seen in 55.6% of patients. Secondary extranodal involvement was seenin 44.4patients. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL] was the most common type of NHL observed in both primary and secondary extranodal involvement. Gastrointestinal tract was the most common site for primary extranodal involvement and bone marrow was the most common site for secondary extranodal involvement.High freqency of primary extranodal involvement was noted in our study. DLBCL was the most common morphological type observed.Gastrointestinal tract and secondary bone marrow involvement were the most common anatomical sites for primary and secondary extranodal involvement respectively

Use of spirometry in detecting airway obstruction in asymptomatic smokers

To detect spirometric abnormalities in asymptomatic smokers in relation to duration of smoking. Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at PNS Shifa from Oct 2006 to June 2007. Subjects and Hundred individuals were included in this study who fulfilled the required criteria. Spirometry was done after briefing the patient about the procedure. Smokers were divided into two groups. Group I [5 to 9 pack years] and group II [? 10 pack years]. All relevant information were recorded on Performa [Annex-A]. The data was analyzed through SPSS-10, in terms of Mean +/- SD [Standard Deviation] for numeric response variables and independent sample T test was applied to compare significance of proportion for numeric response variables at p < 0.05. Categorical variables were compared by applying Chi-square test at p < 0.05 level of significance. Significant statistical difference was found between the mean age in the two groups with p-value of 0.011. This may be due to the longer duration of smoking history in Group II. Strong association was found between number of cigarette smoked and the pattern of airway obstruction as significant statistical difference of airway obstruction and early airflow limitation was found between the two groups of smokers at p value of 0.004. There is strong association between duration of smoking and development of airway obstruction even before the smoker become symptomatic